13. Exercises¶

Use the draw_square function we wrote in this chapter to draw the image shown below. Assume each side is 20 units.

(Hint: notice that the turtle has already moved away from the ending point of the last square when the program ends.)
import turtle def draw_square(t, sz): """Get turtle t to draw a square with sz side""" for i in range(4): t.forward(sz) t.left(90) def main(): wn = turtle.Screen() wn.bgcolor("lightgreen") alex = turtle.Turtle() alex.color("pink") draw_square(alex,20) wn.exitonclick() if __name__ == "__main__": main()
import turtle def draw_square(t, sz): """Make turtle t draw a square with side sz.""" for i in range(4): t.forward(sz) t.left(90) def main(): wn = turtle.Screen() # Set up the window and its attributes wn.bgcolor("lightgreen") alex = turtle.Turtle() # create alex alex.color('hotpink') alex.pensize(3) for i in range(5): draw_square(alex, 20) # Call the function to draw the square alex.penup() alex.forward(40) # move alex to the starting position for the next square alex.pendown() wn.exitonclick() if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Write a program to draw this. Assume the innermost square is 20 units per side and each successive square is 20 units bigger, per side, than the one inside it.
Write a non-fruitful function draw_poly(t, sides, side_length) which makes a turtle draw a regular polygon. When called with draw_poly(tess, 8, 50), it will draw a shape like this:

import turtle def draw_poly(t, sides, side_length): for i in range(sides): t.forward(side_length) t.left(360/sides) def main(): wn = turtle.Screen() # Set up the window and its attributes wn.bgcolor("lightgreen") tess = turtle.Turtle() tess.color('hotpink') tess.pensize(3) draw_poly(tess, 8, 50) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
The two spirals in this picture differ only by the turn angle. Draw both.

Note: Because this program might receive a TimeLimitError we’ve added some code to our answer to make the turtle go faster (use its speed method) and to increase the time the program is allowed to run to 35 seconds. You can do the latter in your code using:
import sys sys.setExecutionLimit(35000)
import turtle import sys sys.setExecutionLimit(35000) def draw_spiral(t, angle): ''' takes a turtle, t, and an angle in degrees ''' length = 1 for i in range(84): t.forward(length) t.right(angle) length = length + 2 def main(): wn = turtle.Screen() # Set up the window and its attributes wn.bgcolor("lightgreen") guido = turtle.Turtle() # create guido guido.color('blue') guido.speed(10) ## draw the first spiral ## # position guido guido.penup() guido.backward(110) guido.pendown() # draw the spiral using a 90 degree turn angle draw_spiral(guido, 90) ## draw the second spiral ## # position guido guido.penup() guido.home() guido.forward(90) guido.pendown() draw_spiral(guido, 89) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Write a non-fruitful function draw_equi_triangle(turtle, size) which calls draw_poly from the question above to have its turtle draw an equilateral triangle.
Write a fruitful function sum_to(n) that returns the sum of all integer numbers up to and including n. So sum_to(10) would be 1+2+3...+10 which would return the value 55. Use the equation (n * (n + 1)) / 2.
def sum_to(n): # your code here
def sum_to(n): result = (n * (n + 1)) / 2 return result def main(): # Now lets see how well this works t = sum_to(0) print("The sum from 1 to 0 is",t) t = sum_to(10) print("The sum from 1 to 10 is",t) t = sum_to(5) print("The sum from 1 to 5 is",t) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Write a non-fruitful function to draw a five pointed star, where the length of each side is 100 units.

import turtle def draw_star(t): for i in range(5): t.forward(100) t.left(216) def main(): wolfram = turtle.Turtle() draw_star(wolfram) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Extend your program above. Draw five stars, but between each, pick up the pen, move forward by 350 units, turn right by 144, put the pen down, and draw the next star. You’ll get something like this (note that you will need to move to the left before drawing your first star in order to fit everything in the window):

What would it look like if you didn’t pick up the pen?
Extend the star function to draw an n pointed star. (Hint: n must be an odd number greater or equal to 3).

import turtle def draw_star(t, n): for i in range(n): t.forward(100) t.left(180 - 180/n) def main(): sam = turtle.Turtle() draw_star(sam, 7) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Write a function called draw_sprite that will draw a sprite. The function will need parameters for the turtle, the number of legs, and the length of the legs. Invoke the function to create a sprite with 15 legs of length 120.
Rewrite the function sum_to(n) that returns the sum of all integer numbers up to and including n. This time use the accumulator pattern.
def sum_to(n): # your code here
def sum_to(n): sum = 0 for i in range(1,n+1): sum = sum + i return sum def main(): # Now lets see how well this works t = sum_to(0) print("The sum from 1 to 0 is",t) t = sum_to(10) print("The sum from 1 to 10 is",t) t = sum_to(5) print("The sum from 1 to 5 is",t) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Write a function called fancy_square that will draw a square with fancy corners (sprites on the corners). You should implement and use the draw_sprite function from above.

import turtle def draw_sprite(t, legs, leg_length): angle = 360/legs for i in range(legs): t.forward(leg_length) t.backward(leg_length) t.left(angle) def fancy_square(t, sz, lgs, lgl): for i in range(4): t.forward(sz) draw_sprite(t, lgs, lgl) t.left(90) def main(): wn = turtle.Screen() wn.bgcolor("lightgreen") alex = turtle.Turtle() fancy_square(alex, 100, 10, 15) wn.exitonclick() if __name__ == "__main__": main()

Graded Lesson Assignment¶

Write a function area_of_circle(r) which returns the area of a circle of radius r

As a refresher, the area of any circle is equal to the radius squared, multiplied by pi (where pi is 3.14159....).

Don’t forget to include the math module, where pi is defined.

Ready to submit your code? Time to fork, and submit a Pull Request to: this Github Repository.